Flamenco, Moorish Palaces and Sun
Moors ruled this southern region for centuries. Their palaces and gardens still shape its towns. November days reach about 20 degrees Celsius in Seville and Cordoba. Granada's Alhambra palace has shorter queues than in spring. The olive harvest begins in the nearby countryside. Seville's streets smell of orange trees.
Where East meets West in stunning contrast
November weather is cool and often cloudy, which suits a city built around indoor treasures. Days reach about 16 degrees Celsius. The Grand Bazaar and Hagia Sophia, built in 537, feel calmer without summer lines. Street vendors sell roasted chestnuts near the ferry docks on the Bosphorus.
The cradle of the Renaissance
With a compact centre of about 1.5 square miles, this Tuscan city is easy to cover on foot. November days reach about 14 degrees Celsius. Lines at the Uffizi Gallery, the Duomo and the Bargello shrink. Farms nearby press the new olive oil, called olio nuovo.
Spain's volcanic paradise year-round
Unlike most of Europe, these Atlantic islands off Africa stay warm all through the year. November days reach about 24 degrees Celsius and the sea stays near 22 degrees. Tenerife has Mount Teide at 3,715 metres and Gran Canaria has the sand dunes of Maspalomas.
Sun, Sea and Ancient Secrets
Warm sun, rough mountains and a mix of Greek, Arab and Norman history make this island feel layered. November days reach about 20 degrees Celsius. The Greek temples at Agrigento are open without summer crowds. On All Souls Day bakeries sell marzipan fruit called frutta martorana.
Vibrant City of Art and Beaches
With about 1.6 million people, this Catalan capital is large but easy to explore on foot and by metro. November days reach about 17 degrees Celsius with soft light. The Sagrada Familia church and Park Guell are less crowded. Bakeries sell panellets, small almond sweets, for All Saints Day.
Medieval Charm and Chocolate Bliss
November brings mist over the canals and early lights in the windows of this Belgian city. Days stay near 9 degrees Celsius so hot chocolate stops feel earned. Climb the 366 steps of the Belfry tower for views over red roofs. The Christmas market opens late in the month.
A Symphony of Culture and Elegance
Austria's capital has about two million people and a long tradition of music and coffee. November days reach about 8 degrees Celsius. Sit in a historic coffeehouse with a slice of cake. Christmas markets open on the City Hall square in mid November. The State Opera also runs a full season.
Where ancient ruins meet urban energy
Loud, sunny and layered with ruins, this capital keeps its energy well into autumn. November days reach about 18 degrees Celsius, which suits long walks up to the Acropolis. Tavernas in the old Plaka district serve grilled meat and wine. The museums have short lines.
The Eternal City of history and charm
Romans built the Colosseum in AD 80 and it still stands in the middle of a busy modern city. November days reach about 17 degrees Celsius, with fewer tourists in the Forum and the Vatican Museums. Roasted chestnuts and artichoke dishes fill the cafes of Trastevere.
A fairy-tale city with rich history
On the banks of the Vltava River, this Czech capital rises in waves of red roofs and spires. On 11 November restaurants serve St Martin's goose with red cabbage and young wine. Days reach about 6 degrees Celsius, so Charles Bridge is calm and the castle is quiet.
A stunning mix of history and nightlife
Hungarians welcome the cold season by soaking in hot spring water. The habit goes back to Roman and Ottoman times. The outdoor pools at Szechenyi Baths steam in the November air. Christmas markets open mid month on Vorosmarty Square. The city also has cosy ruin bars.
A Journey Through History and Nature
Greece's largest island stretches about 260 kilometres from west to east with mountains running down its middle. November days reach about 20 degrees Celsius and tour groups are gone. The Venetian harbour at Chania is calm. The olive harvest fills the villages with activity and fresh oil.
Sun-soaked streets and rich history
Portuguese families mark Saint Martin's Day on 11 November with roasted chestnuts and new wine, a feast called magusto. This hilly capital joins in at street stalls and bars. Days reach about 18 degrees Celsius, so riding Tram 28 and sipping coffee in Alfama is comfortable.
Golden cliffs and azure waters
Along the southern edge of Portugal, this coast faces the Atlantic and stays mild long after summer ends. November days reach about 20 degrees Celsius with far fewer visitors on the sand. Walkers follow clifftop trails near Lagos and Sagres. Golf courses stay open with quiet fairways.
History, Culture and Festival Fever
Dark stone buildings and a castle on volcanic rock give this Scottish capital a moody feel in late autumn. November days reach about 9 degrees Celsius. Warm up with a whisky tasting on the Royal Mile. Then celebrate St Andrew's Day on 30 November with music and dancing.
Mediterranean gem with diverse climates
Ancient Greeks, Romans and Crusaders all left ruins on this island, which sits closer to Syria than to Greece. November days reach about 24 degrees Celsius and the sea stays near 23 degrees. Paphos has Roman floor mosaics and the Troodos Mountains have hiking trails among pine forests.
History, beaches and Mediterranean charm
Compared with northern Europe, this small island nation feels like early summer in November. Days reach about 21 degrees Celsius and the sea stays near 21 degrees. Valletta's St John's Cathedral has gilded interiors and the Dingli Cliffs rise about 250 metres over the Mediterranean.