Alps, castles, beer gardens and old towns
Bavaria brews under the Reinheitsgebot, a purity law from 1516 limiting beer to four ingredients. The smell of pretzels and grilled sausage drifts through Munich's beer gardens on warm afternoons. Visitors can try weisswurst, a pale veal sausage eaten only before noon with sweet mustard. Oktoberfest each fall draws millions to tents built just for the festival.
Castle, car makers and miso-rich food
Hitsumabushi, grilled eel over rice, is eaten three different ways from one bowl. Diners eat it plain, then with condiments, then poured over with hot broth. Visitors can also try tebasaki, fried chicken wings coated in a sweet soy glaze. Miso katsu, a fried pork cutlet topped with rich soybean sauce, is another specialty.
Temples, geisha districts and kaiseki dining
Kaiseki, a multi course meal built around seasonal ingredients, grew alongside the tea ceremony. Nishiki Market, a narrow covered street of stalls, has supplied the city's kitchens for centuries. Visitors can also try shojin ryori, meat free cooking from Kyoto's Buddhist temples. Yuba, the skin that forms on simmered soy milk, appears in many dishes.
Uesugi castle town, beef and snow lanterns
Farmers around Yonezawa raise wagyu cattle famous for their heavily marbled beef. Breeders have refined the local herd's bloodlines for well over a century. Visitors can order the beef grilled thin at restaurants near the old castle town. Nearby shops sell dried fruit and pickles made from local produce.
Volcanoes, onsen and tonkotsu ramen
Cooks in Beppu, Kyushu, steam food over hot spring vents, a method called jigoku mushi. The island produces more shochu than any other part of Japan. Visitors can also try champon, a Nagasaki noodle dish that blends Chinese and Japanese influences. Kyushu's mild climate supports citrus and sweet potato farms shaping much of its cooking.
Five boroughs of skyline, food and museums
New York pizza developed from Neapolitan immigrants adapting to coal fired ovens. The city's bagels are boiled before baking, giving them a dense, chewy texture. Visitors can also graze food carts serving halal and Latin American dishes on nearly every corner. Chinatown and Jackson Heights hold some of the city's most diverse food scenes.
Tropical city-state of hawker food and gardens
Hawker centers across Singapore serve chicken rice, a dish considered the national favorite. Vendors poach whole chickens, then use the broth to cook the rice. Visitors can compare stalls, many of which have held Michelin recognition for years. Nearby counters sell laksa, a coconut noodle soup with a spicy kick.
Peace Park, okonomiyaki and Miyajima ferry
Hiroshima style okonomiyaki layers batter, cabbage, pork and noodles rather than mixing them like Osaka's. Cooks build each pancake to order on a large griddle in front of diners. Visitors can also try oysters from the Seto Inland Sea, grilled or raw. Okonomimura, a building of okonomiyaki stalls, gathers dozens of vendors under one roof.
Tohoku's biggest city with samurai roots
Grilled beef tongue, gyutan, became a Sendai specialty after the postwar years. Local cooks first served it thick-cut alongside barley rice and oxtail soup. Visitors can find entire streets of restaurants built around the dish. Nearby markets sell sasa kamaboko, fish cakes shaped like bamboo leaves.
Carp canal and sake town near Takayama
Hida beef, a marbled wagyu variety, is raised in the mountains of Japan's Hida region. It is often grilled tableside over hot stones or skewered as a street snack. Visitors can also sample local sake, brewed using pure water from the surrounding mountains. Morning markets in Hida towns sell pickles, mountain vegetables and traditional sweets.
Beer cellars, vineyards and Baroque palaces
Franconia sits in northern Bavaria, a wine region apart from the beer culture further south. Local white wine here is traditionally bottled in a flat, round bottle called a Bocksbeutel. Visitors can try small grilled sausages sold three to a roll in Nuremberg. Christmas markets across the region sell spiced gingerbread called lebkuchen each December.
Brick towers, marzipan and Hanseatic history
Niederegger, a marzipan maker founded in Lubeck in 1806, still makes the almond candy the city is known for. Lubeck's Hanseatic trading past brought in the almonds and sugar for it. Visitors can tour the Niederegger shop near the market square. Red brick bakeries in the old town sell marzipan shaped into fruits and figures.
Canal warehouses, glass shops and sushi
Otaru's harbor delivers uni and crab straight to sushi counters each morning. The city's canal district once shipped herring that built its early fortune. Diners can sit at counters where chefs slice fish caught hours earlier. A short walk away, glass workshops recall the port's old trading days.
Kyushu's biggest city, known for yatai and ramen
Around 100 yatai, open air food stalls, set up each evening along Fukuoka's rivers. Fukuoka is the only major Japanese city where this culture still runs at scale. Visitors can slurp tonkotsu ramen, a milky broth from the Hakata district. Mentaiko, spicy marinated cod roe, is another local specialty sold at the fish market.
Reef beaches and Ryukyu Kingdom heritage
Okinawan cuisine is often studied for the region's high number of centenarians. Goya champuru, a stir fry of bitter melon, tofu and pork, is a signature dish. Visitors can try rafute, pork belly braised in awamori, soy sauce and sugar. Awamori, a distilled spirit made from Thai rice, is unique to Okinawa among Japanese regions.
Volcano views, samurai history and black pork
Kagoshima's kurobuta, a black pig breed, is prized across Japan for tender, flavorful meat. The region also makes shochu distilled from sweet potatoes rather than rice. Visitors can try satsuma age, a fried fish cake sold at markets and street stalls. Active volcano Sakurajima looms over the city, its ash occasionally dusting local produce.
Harbor city with hills, beef and hot springs
Kobe beef must come from Tajima cattle raised and processed within Hyogo Prefecture. The meat is prized for its heavy marbling, often served as thin grilled slices. Visitors can also wander Nankinmachi, Kobe's small Chinatown, for dumplings and steamed buns. The nearby Nada district holds some of Japan's best known sake breweries.
Samurai streets, gold leaf and Kenrokuen garden
Omicho Market in Kanazawa has sold fresh seafood, including snow crab, since Edo times. Restaurants sometimes dust dishes with gold leaf, tied to the local gold leaf trade. Visitors can try kaisen don, a rice bowl piled with sashimi from market stalls. Kaga cuisine, refined for the region's feudal lords, still shapes formal dining here.
Castle, neon canals and street food
Dotonbori's canal-side stalls serve takoyaki, octopus dumplings grilled on the spot. Locals call the city Japan's kitchen for its love of hearty, unpretentious food. You can watch vendors flip the batter-filled dumplings in cast-iron molds. Nearby izakayas serve kushikatsu, breaded skewers dipped in a shared sauce.
Japan's capital of temples, towers and food
Tsukiji's outer market still trades tuna even after the main auction moved to Toyosu. Vendors slice fresh cuts of fish for sale right at their stalls. Visitors can eat sushi for breakfast at counters that have served workers for decades. Nearby stands grill skewers of tamagoyaki, sweet rolled omelet on a stick.
Old town, morning markets and Hida beef
Sake breweries in Takayama hang a ball of cedar leaves, called a sugidama, when a batch is ready. The ball's color fades from green to brown as the sake matures. Visitors can walk two riverside morning markets for local produce and pickles. Hida beef skewers are a common street snack along the old town's streets.
Bavarian capital of beer gardens and museums
Munich's Viktualienmarkt has sold produce, cheese and meat in the city center since 1807. The Hofbrauhaus, one of Munich's oldest beer halls, has served beer on the same site since 1589. Visitors can eat weisswurst before the noon church bells ring. A maypole at the market's center is repainted and celebrated each spring.
Tohoku castle town near Yamadera and Zao
Orchards around Yamagata grow cherries prized across Japan for their deep red color. The region's cool mountain climate suits the fruit better than warmer prefectures. Visitors can pick and eat cherries straight from the trees each June. Nearby noodle shops serve cold soba, a local summer specialty.
Snow festival city with ramen and beer
Ramen shops across Sapporo simmer a rich miso broth unique to the city. Cooks developed the style to warm diners through Hokkaido's long, cold winters. Visitors can slurp a bowl topped with butter and sweet corn. Nearby beer halls pour the local brew that shares the city's name.
State/Prefecture in Japan
Volcanoes, powder snow and fresh seafood
Sapporo, Hokkaido's capital, is credited with popularizing miso ramen, a style now found worldwide. The island's cold waters produce some of Japan's most prized crab, sea urchin and scallops. Visitors can also try soup curry, a thinner curry style that developed in Sapporo cafes. Hokkaido's dairy farms supply much of Japan's milk, cheese and butter.
Harbor night view, seafood and a star fort
Hakodate's morning market has run near the harbor since it opened to foreign trade in the 1850s. Vendors sell live squid, urchin and crab pulled fresh from cold waters. Visitors can catch their own squid and have it sliced into sashimi minutes later. Hokkaido's dairy farms supply rich milk and butter for regional baked goods.
Rice, sake and the Sea of Japan
Niigata's heavy winter snowmelt and rice paddies help produce some of Japan's most prized sake. The region also grows koshihikari, a rice variety among the country's best for eating plain. Visitors can tour breweries for tastings paired with fresh seafood from the sea. A sake festival each March lets visitors sample dozens of labels.
Wall history, Museum Island and all-night clubs
Herta Heuwer invented currywurst in Berlin in 1949, mixing ketchup and curry powder over sliced sausage. Germans now eat an estimated 800 million currywursts a year, 70 million in Berlin alone. Visitors can grab one from a stand for a quick lunch. Turkish immigrants later added doner kebab to the city's food identity.