South America's ancient sites are dominated by the achievements of Andean civilisations, whose monumental stonework, road networks and ceremonial complexes represent some of the most technically sophisticated construction of the pre-modern world. The concentration of significant remains along the western spine of the continent is extraordinary, with multiple distinct cultures leaving substantial physical evidence across a compressed geographic area.
The most visited sites have well-developed visitor infrastructure with guided programmes, transport links and permit systems managing access to the most fragile locations. Lesser-known sites in the Amazon basin and along the Pacific coast receive far fewer visitors and require more independent planning, but offer a significantly different experience with considerably more space. Active excavation continues to produce new findings across the region.
Altitude is a serious consideration at many of the most significant Andean sites, several of which sit above 3,500 metres, and acclimatisation time should be built into any itinerary. Your money goes a long way across most of the continent, making extended multi-site itineraries practical. Permit requirements at the most popular destinations have tightened and advance booking is now essential during peak season.
